Cut Empty Phrases

Readers don’t want filler.

“Vigorous writing is concise,” says William Strunk Jr. in his classic book The Elements of Style. “A sentence should contain no unnecessary words, a paragraph no unnecessary sentences, for the same reason that a drawing should have no unnecessary lines and a machine no unnecessary parts. This requires not that the writer make all his sentences short, or that … Continue reading

Unburden Your Dialogue

Don’t clog your lines with double attribution.

The author didn’t realize she was wasting words whenever her characters spoke.

In nearly every instance, she provided not only a dialogue tag, “Christina said,” but also a “beat” or “action tag,” a phrase describing what the character did as she spoke.

Consider this double attribution line:

“I’m so sorry,” Christina said, … Continue reading

Review it Cold

You’ll see a lot.

I was proud of the layout I’d just completed. Getting the brief text and the multiple photos to fit took several tries, but finally the elements came together.

Satisfied, I sent the pages to my first reader.

A few hours later, he pointed out a typo, which I marked to fix the next morning.

But the next morning, I reviewed the … Continue reading